31. The poor condition of prisoners are what concerned Dorothea Dix, an American A B C social worker and director of a school in Boston. D

32. Found in the shells of lobsters, shrimp, and crabs, glucosamine is also present A B C in human cartilage, which covering the bones in joints. D

33. Between 1871 until 1891, the population of Toronto more than tripled, increasing A B C from 56,000 to 181,000. D

34. In the nineteenth century, Montreal grew into an important transportation and A B industrial center, aided by its many natural resources and an abundant of C D hydroelectric power.

35. In the initial planning for theaters, auditoriums, but any room intended primarily A B C for listening, acoustics is a major consideration. D

36. The pulse that may be felt wherever an artery passes over a solid structure, such as A B C a bone or cartilage. D

37. Through his essays, poems, and lectures, Ralph Waldo Emerson A established himself as a major thinker of his time and as a figure leading B C D of American literature.

38. The "method", which is both a style of acting a system of training for the actor, A B stresses inner motivation and psychological truth. C D

39. On September 6, 1996, civil rights activist Rosa Parks was awarded the Presidential A B Medal of Freedom, the highest honor the United States government gives to civilian. C D

40. Basalt, which composes most of the ocean floor, is a dark-grey rock rich in iron A B C D and magnesium than most surface rocks.

Section Three: Reading Comprehension Questions 1-10 By far the most important United ;States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning Line and weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during (5) this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating the fiber---or lint--from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton was relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were concentrated at the (10) base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only along the nation’s eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season, but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a worker could hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney’s gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin, (15) a worker could produce up to ’50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further. The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total American (20))exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton. In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an (25) unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States---west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.